Abarim Publications' online Biblical Greek Dictionary

δεικνυμι

• Together with the preposition ανα (ana), meaning on or upon, which in this case is emphatic: The verb αναδεικνυμι (anadeiknumi), meaning to show clearly, to reveal wholly, to explain exhaustively. This verb occurs only twice, both in the sense of unfolding and publicly displaying the entirety of people's office and mission (Luke 10:1 and Acts 1:24). From this verb derives:
  • The noun αναδειξις (anadeixis), meaning a total exposure (Luke 1:80 only, speaking of John's person and mission).
• Together with the preposition απο (apo), mostly meaning from: the verb αποδεικνυμι (apodeiknumi), to show or reveal something from or by means of an argument or evidence; to prove or demonstrate. This verb is used 4 times; see full concordance, and from it derives:
  • The noun αποδειξις (apodeixis), meaning a proof or demonstration that serves to show something (1 Corinthians 2:4 only).
• The noun δειγμα (deigma), meaning a show or showing (Jude 1:7 only). From this noun comes:
  • The verb δειγματιζω (deigmatizo), meaning to make a showing of (Colossians 2:15 only). From this verb in turn comes:
    • Together with the preposition παρα (para), meaning near: the verb παραδειγματιζω (paradeigmatizo), meaning to make a showing of in order to draw spectators, to make a public display of. This verb occurs only twice in the New Testament, once pertaining to Jesus, who was put on public display by the Romans (Hebrews 6:6), and once pertaining to Mary, whom Joseph would specifically not put on public display (Matthew 1:19). For more on supplicium servile (crucifixion) see our article on Pilate. For a lengthy look at the literary function of Jesus' crucifixion and Roman brutality, see our article on Mary.
• Together with the common preposition εν (en), meaning in: the verb ενδεικνυμι (endeiknumi), literally meaning to "en-demonstrate"; to show something that is inside something else, or to show something through something else. This hard-to-translate verb crucially differs from its parent verb — the Oxford dictionary lists an adjective "endeictic", which it defines as "serving to show or demonstrate," but unfortunately no corresponding verb. Our verb occurs 11 times in the New Testament; see full concordance, and from it come:
  • The noun ενδειγμα (endeigma), which describes a thing that shows something within something else, an "en-demonstration" (2 Thessalonians 1:5 only).
  • The noun ενδειξις (endeixis), which describes the act of showing something within something else. This noun is used 4 times; see full concordance.
• Together with the preposition επι (epi), meaning on or upon: the verb επιδεικνυμι (epideiknumi), meaning to show upon, that is to show something to someone for that person's particular viewing privilege; to show to a person, to exhibit. This verb is used 9 times; see full concordance.
• Together with the preposition υπο (hupo) meaning under: the verb υποδεικνυμι (hupodeiknumi), meaning to show a part, a sample or example, an outline or a preview of something greater or to follow. This verb is used 6 times; see full concordance, and from it comes:
  • The noun υποδειγμα (hupodeigma), a part, outline, example or preview of something greater or yet to come. This noun is also used 6 times; see full concordance.

δακτυλος

• The noun δακτυλιος (daktulios), which is spelled like an adjective that means "pertaining to the finger", and means ring and is applied to anything ring-shaped (including the anus and the mathematical circle). This is rather curious, as one would expect the word for ring to derive from a word that means round, say, rather than finger. But it also indicates that the finger wasn't seen as a mere static extremity, but rather as a dynamic, perhaps ring- or area-drawing one. Hence, when our noun described a ring worn on one's finger, it commonly referred to a signet ring, or a ring with a seal (σφραγις, sphragis) that conveyed one's authority, or rather identified one as the "finger" of the one who actually held the authority, and who vested his authority in the bearer of the ring. This noun is used in Luke 15:22 only, and from it in turn derives:
  • Together with the noun χρυσος (chrusos), gold: the adjective χρυσοδακτυλιος (chrusodaktulios), meaning golden-finger-ring-ish (James 2:2 only).

A non-Biblical word worth mentioning is the adjective διδακτυλιαιος (didaktuliaios), meaning of two fingers (hence our English word didactyl for any two-fingered or -toed creature, like an ostrich), which rather resembles the verb διδασκω (didasko), to teach (hence our English word didactic). It's not clear whether Greek poets felt free to play with this similarity, but if so, this would help to explain why Jesus stuck his fingers in the ears of the speech-impeded man (Mark 7:33).