The familiar adjective μεσος (mesos) means middle, or rather: the midst, in the middle of or in between (hence Mesopotamia, or in between the ποταμα, potama; rivers). It stems from a broadly attested Proto-Indo-European term "medyos", meaning the same (and hence also the Latin mediud and the English words middle and medio).

It's not always emphasized but the idea of a middle is right up there with the number zero and the notion of infinity. It argues the concept of division, which the author of Genesis associates with the second creation day and contrary to what is commonly believed, not the upper half of the waters but rather the dividing firmament was called heaven (Genesis 1:6).

Division is a very big a deal (Matthew 10:34-35), superseded only by the familiar command "Let there be light!" The cosmic reality of division allows energy to polarize into matter and anti-matter, without which there would be no atoms and molecules and any objects or life. Division of the waters saved Israel on its escape from Egypt (Exodus 14:21). Division sat at the core of the most signature demonstration of Solomon's wisdom (1 Kings 3:25), and this child of sacrifice returned now dividing the two robbers who hung beside him (Matthew 27:38).

Division occurs in nature in principles such as mitosis, in which one autonomous and wholly functioning entity is broken in two, only to give rise to a new form of unity that rises from a restored harmony between the fragments. In nature this restored unity tends to be greater, more diverse and more successful than the original unity. It happens when energy breaches into particles to form atoms and molecules, when a zygote becomes a multi-cellular creature, when human minds congregate into societies. In mythology this principle was celebrated as the Phoenix, and in the Bible it's told as the birth, death and resurrection of the Christ, and of course the descent of New Jerusalem.

Division is the beginning of all discernment and thus all variation and all progression and all structures. The Hebrew word for discernment is בין (ben), which derives from the verb בין (bin), to understand. It bears a striking resemblance to the noun בן (ben), meaning son, which in turn resembles the verb בנה (bana), meaning to build, and the noun אבן ('eben), meaning stone.

The mathematical application of our adjective not only allows a number to be broken into its factors, but it also allows a whole set to be represented by its mean or average. In that sense, our word expresses an ambassadorial function, a number like a spokesperson that averages a much larger constituency. Greek speaking people who were not familiar with Hebrew lore might have been forgiven to note a perceived similarity between our word μεσος (mesos) and the title Messiah, the anointed, who was after all said to be the people's mediator (μεσιτης, mesites; see below).

This awesome adjective μεσος (mesos) occurs 61 times in the New Testament, see full concordance, and from it derive:

The adjective μεστος (mestos) means full or rather: satiated — a regular being full would be described with words like πληρης (pleres), to completely fill, or γεμω (gemo), to load to capacity.

In the classics, this word was most often used for persons, which makes it likely that our word derives from the above and originally referred to one's expanding waist. In the classics as well as in the New Testament, this word also often describes a mind that is "full" with certain cognitive aspects or feelings. This adjective occurs 8 times, see full concordance, and from it derives: